Data science is a rapidly developing area with tremendous impact on everyday life. Nowadays, almost every form of information extraction is labelled data science, and data scientists can be found in every scientific discipline. At the same time, an overwhelming majority of data scientists focus on domain-specific problems rather than on the fundamental understanding of phenomena at the heart of information extraction: namely, when, and why information extraction is possible, and how to make it efficient. Satisfactory answers to those questions require the development of cutting-edge, novel mathematics, which is the main goal of the MDSC.